), and is known as an excellent nitrogen fixer. It is by Howard F. Schwartz at Colorado State University. 0
Vicia villosa, known as the hairy vetch, fodder vetch or winter vetch, is a plant native to some of Europe and western Asia. Plants are useful to human beings in innumerable ways. Organic gardeners often plant hairy vetch (a nitrogen-fixing legume) as a companion plant to tomatoes, as an alternative to rotating crops in small growing areas. This species is known to have a great rooting system, with a tap root that will extend 1 to 3 feet into the soil profile. 0000003372 00000 n
The oblong pod has a beak-shaped tip, grows up to 1.25 inches long and opens at maturity. 0000014223 00000 n
Vicia elegantissima Rouy Hairy vetch is a winter annual legume that offers a number of potential benefits to row-crop or livestock producers when used as a winter cover crop. Hairy Vetch is the go-to crop when nitrogen production is at the top of your list for goals to achieve. Where to buy native seed and plants ↓ Map of native plant purveyors in the upper midwest. 0�
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�8�NZ�Ҕ�B;H/mF����@��*�'Uf������ Purple flowers form in early to mid summer. +�p�Ip5�P Hairy vetch is a winter-active legume which generally grows as an annual but can also be a biennial. Vicia dasycarpa Ten. Legume (Vicia villosa) This forage legume is also known as hairy vetch or winter vetch. �S�"]�q�j'�)�. These include common vetch and hairy vetch mentioned above, American vetch (V. americana), tufted vetch (V. cracca), hedge vetch (V. sepium), and 4-seeded vetch (V. tetrasperma). The stems and leaves of hairy vetch are pubescent with tufts present at tips of stems. Hairy Vetch is a winter annual weed in the bean family often grown as a cover crop or used as animal fodder. Cow vetch and hairy vetch are invasive species. Although non-native, it occurs in all US states and is considered invasive by some states, such as Alaska, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Oregon, and Washington state — as well as in Japan and some parts of Europe where it is not native. To utilize hairy vetch in smaller gardens or raised beds, the plants are seeded in the fall as usual, however, once they have reached maturity, they are cut and composted in separate bins or beds. 0000016121 00000 n
The flowers, borne in a dense one-sided spike, are violet and white to rose colored. Vicia microphylla d'Urv. This can be a particular problem in wheat production. xref
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There are 4 recognized subspecies of V. villosa, 2 of which have been found in Minnesota, both weedy. %PDF-1.4
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Uses. Hairy vetch performs well in rotations with conventional and no-till planted row crops. Stems are vining and can grow up to 6 feet long. Hairy vetch is planted in the fall wherever it is grown. 0000008628 00000 n
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It has been cultivated in small fields and gardens, then plowed under to add nitrogen and organic matter to the soil. [15][16], "Invasive in Native Habitats of the Southern Willamette Valley", "Midwest Invasive Plant Network Midwest Invasive Plant List", "Invasive Plant Atlas of the United States — Vicia villosa", "Vicia villosa Roth ssp. 0000082576 00000 n
Tendrils form on the ends of the leaves. The leaves of hairy vetch are oblong, with 5-10 pairs of leaves per leaflet. Vicia villosa, known as the hairy vetch, fodder vetch or winter vetch, is a plant native to some of Europe and western Asia. of nitrogen per acre to a following spring crop. HAIRY VETCH Vicia villosa Roth Plant Symbol = VIVI Contributed by: USDA NRCS Plant Materials Program Alternate Names winter vetch Uses Erosion control: Hairy vetch’s capacity to provide a heavy mulch aids in soil and water conservation. This practice maintains the benefits of planting the green manure without having to disc or till deeply to bury the plant material. Hairy vetch fixes large amounts of nitrogen (N) that help meet N needs of the following crop, protects soil from erosion, helps improve soil tilth, and provides weed control during its vigorous growth in the spring and when left as a dead mulch at the soil surface. <<071D200125689B47811D7BE295FF241F>]>>
Crop: Hairy vetch is grown as a cover preceding such crops as safflower, corn, tobacco, cotton, rice, tomatoes, and other vegetables. woolly vetch. Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of Weeds of the U.S. N'EAST: Uva, R.H., J.C. Neal,and J.M. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) is a trailing winter annual, biennial, or summer annual weed that forms large mats of vegetation. 1997. Hairy vetch and common vetch are also frequently planted as a cover crop. 0000030158 00000 n
Toxicity issues quickly arise, especially with non-ruminants, with excessive consumption. 6 0 obj <>
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Leaves have 10-20 leaflets and terminate in tendrils. A secondary benefit of vetch is its root system. Synonym(s): winter vetch, hairy vetch, woolly vetch, wooly vetch: Native Range: Europe and Asia Identification, Biology, Control and Management Resources Weed of the Week - USDA Forest Service; Selected Images from Invasive.org: View All Images at Invasive.org: Flower(s); Flowers of purple vetch (Vicia villosa). More photos. Nitrogen, a critical nutrient required for plant growth, is often depleted by repeated cultivation, poor soil management and use of synthetic fertilizers and herbicides. Though a good stand of this winter annual legume alone can provide good cover, it also can make a good companion species to ryegrass and, in particular, small grains. 0000082799 00000 n
Control and Management: • Manual- Pull small infestations before seeds develop, to free native plants. Hairy Vetch. 0000002082 00000 n
Toxicity: The entire plant is toxic. [11], It is regulated in the state of Florida. 0000000016 00000 n
Due to the vining, climbing habit of the plant, it is often sown in combination with rye so the rye may provide some support. This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. 0000090997 00000 n
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The vetch vegetation provides both nitrogen and an instant mulch that preserves moisture and keeps weeds from sprouting. Vicia pseudocracca Bertol. [12] Some sources consider it generally invasive in areas with suitable climate for it to out-compete native species, in a manner similar to how cow vetch, Vicia cracca, is regarded. H�\T�n�0��+�HŇ(���I � �T�`�c˱S?�H�ѿ�P��2 �ĝٙ����Z�c�>5�hM��SFO�I���zj6L�#˥�Rjfxm���j�y�<1�DF�P~�!�S�B�2U��@s�J5P"�j��-�_��?#�JH7J[ReD� Hairy vetch, (Vicia villosa), aka sand vetch or winter vetch, is the most winter-hardy of the vetches. It has a weak tap root that grows up to 60 to 90 cm (24 to 35 in.) It is also found in most Canadian provinces. It is a 4-6 foot long annual plant with hairy stems and leaves (as the name implies), lance-shaped leaflets, and purple to red colored flowers that are lined up on one side of the stem. Vicia ambigua Guss. Research has shown that hairy vetch mulch can increase main crop disease resistance and prolong leaf photosynthesis of the following crop. 0000003028 00000 n
It has a similar scrambling, climbing growth habit to common vetch and will survive throughout the winter. Cow vetch is very similar to hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), but is distinguished from the latter by its smooth stem. villosa distribution map", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vicia_villosa&oldid=959281763, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 28 May 2020, at 00:41. DiTomaso. [14] Despite being native to part of Europe it is considered an alien or invasive species in some European countries, such as Belgium, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Spain. The importance of Hairy Vetch is high as its benefits are more and so are Hairy Vetch Facts. %%EOF
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Hairy vetch has long trailing stems from 50 to 200 cm (20 to 79 in.) Hairy vetch can alter habitat structure and reduce the abundance of native plants through competition for space. 0000083278 00000 n
long. Hairy vetch’s capacity to provide a heavy mulch aids in soil and water conservation. John D. Byrd, Mississippi State University, Bugwood.org Steve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org Hairy vetch is widely used by organic growers in the United States as a winter cover crop and in no-till farming, as it is both winter hardy and can fix as much as 200 lb/acre of atmospheric nitrogen. 0000083041 00000 n
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Hairy vetch is not recommended as forage for domestic or farm animals. Under most conditions a systemic herbicide produces better results than a contact herbicide. 0000001280 00000 n
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Crown vetch (Securigera varia) A listed invasive plant in WisconsinLearn how to ID this plant in this short video. Hairy vetch is an annual or biennial, hardy, cool season agronomic legume, also commonly referred to as fodder vetch, winter vetch, or sand vetch. In California, it has been evaluated as an invasive plant but its impacts in wildlands are considered minor (Cal-IPC, 2015). E";)�&��u7��sz�;P���܉�_e�P�"�%��Kf��,WXz�r��6�B���n_�W i>��2��V>��쾹aZ �KS���cR�o�t�/��
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This taproot will allow the vetch to thrive even in dry conditions. Cover Crop. 0000082122 00000 n
with many side branches in the top 20 cm (8 in. It is a legume, grown as a forage crop, fodder crop, cover crop, and green manure. Cow and hairy vetch can be problematic in prairie restoration sites or other disturbed areas. 0000011834 00000 n
Every gardener must look for the required information on this plant before planting it. Hairy vetch is one of the most winter hardy legumes. When a hairy vetch cover crop is plowed into the soil, significant amounts of nitrogen are restored. 0000001356 00000 n
Hairy vetch is very similar to tufted vetch (Vicia cracca), the most noticeable difference being that tufted vetch has a smooth stem. 0000091284 00000 n
Well-nodulated hairy vetch can enrich the soil with 60 to 120 lb/acre of nitrogen through nitrogen fixation. 0000001532 00000 n
Crown vetch, Securigera varia (invasive) – crown vetch flowers are clustered at the top of stalks as opposed to the flowers arranged along the stalk on cow and hairy vetch. The leaves have long, soft hairs with 10 to 20 leaflets borne opposite each other and tendrils at the end. Cultural Control . Crown vetch has a leaflet at the tip of its leaves and does not have tendrils at the tip of its leaves as cow and hairy vetch do. Later seeded vetch grown as a cover crop for green manure, will supply a smaller amount of N. Vetches are also grown for pasture. Habitat. The tiny seeds within are ripe when the pods have turned black. Applications Soil Stabilization & Erosion Control. endstream
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of nitrogen, very few legumes can come close to the benefits hairy vetch can present. Such a vigorous annual cover crop that it is considered invasive in much of the United States, non-GMO hairy vetch is a European heirloom and one of the most popular restorative crops grown in the garden. 0000074263 00000 n
[13] With both vetches, their agricultural usefulness is typically given precedence over concerns regarding potential ecological degradation. The seed pods are 2 cm long and contain 6 to 8 seeds. When planted alone as a winter cover crop in annual vegetable rotations, it can provide as much as 110 lbs. Now, although in many states crown vetch is considered an invasive weed, people still buy seeds to plant it. Cow vetch and hairy vetch spread over other vegetation, smothering it. Please visit our sponsors . considered invasive in some areas. 0000004529 00000 n
Image 5362358 is of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa ) flower(s). Tufted Vetch is also a perennial where Hairy Vetch is mostly an annual. These plants usually don't cause problems in healthy native prairies. By having the capability to produce 200+ lbs. Cow vetch and hairy vetch should be reported. Unripened seeds are swollen and have a green tint to them, but they unswell when they become ripe. 0000007373 00000 n
Hairy vetch is an annual or biennial spreading herb with climbing stems growing up to 3 feet long. Legumes and seeds. 0000083507 00000 n
Vicia varia Host. Hairy Vetch Seed. startxref
x�b``Pf``�a```�� hairy vetch. It can also poison mammals and poultry. The species Vicia hirsuta is also called hairy vetch. Hairy vetch can also be grazed or harvested as forage. It can climb over small trees and shrubs, and eventually form large monocultures. 0000009165 00000 n
Colonies are typically found growing along river banks, meadows, prairies, shoulders of highways overpasses, along roads, edge of croplands and in abandoned fields and well as other disturbed and undisturbed areas. Hairy vetch is a legume used primarily for soil improvement along roadsides and for bank stabilization. Hairy vetch absorbs nitrogen from the air as it grows. It is a legume, grown as a forage crop, fodder crop, cover crop, and green manure. This will not only add expertise to your gardening hobby, but it will also help you understand its characteristics. 0000002870 00000 n
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Its primary benefit has been as “green manure”. An interesting feature of vetch is the presence of nectaries on the stipules (small lobes at the base of the leaves) of many of the species. When it is time to plant tomatoes in the spring, the hairy vetch is cut to the ground and the tomato seedlings are planted in holes dug through the matted residue and stubble. Although non-native, it occurs in all US states and is considered invasive by some states, such as Alaska, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Oregon, and Washington state — as well as in Japan and some parts of Europe where it is not native. In these systems, the fall planted legume is either mechanically or chemically terminated 2 to 3 weeks prior to planting or under proper conditions it is terminated at planting. It is normally seeded at 20 to 40 pounds per acre. 0000006505 00000 n
trailer
It can crowd out native plant species. They resemble those of a very small pea. [10] Disadvantages of hairy vetch in production agriculture are related to the crop having a portion of hard seed and its tendency to shatter seed early in the season, leading to it remaining in the field as a weed later in the season. winter vetch. Being more winter hardy than common vetch, hairy vetch has the potential to withstand temperatures in excess of 5F with no cover. X���H�" +C1�� C�-FFM��5�fL[��j��0$0e2Y1~���4f�0ۼF]n"�q��{.0�f8,��p�a�_-�ь�) � �-������,��� � ��b
[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] It is also found in most Canadian provinces. Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) is a short term legume commonly used for cover crops in home gardens, weed suppression, erosion control, ground cover, green manure, pasture, silage and hay. Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa) is often used as a forage legume or cover crop throughout many temperate areas of the world, including the United States. INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES FACT SHEET Problem: Crown vetch becomes a problem when it invades natural areas, such as na-tive grassland prairies and dunes, where it works to exclude native vegetation by fully covering and shad-ing those native plants. 0000002413 00000 n
Common signs of intoxication in include dermatitis, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, loss of hair, and in some cases death. Flowers of purple vetch (Vicia villosa). 0000001784 00000 n
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Photosynthesis of the vetches but its impacts in wildlands are considered minor ( Cal-IPC, 2015 ) they! �S� '' ] �q�j'� ) � vetch can present hobby, but they unswell they... Only add expertise to your gardening hobby, but is distinguished from the latter by its smooth stem are and! Of 5F with no cover forage legume is also called hairy vetch is a winter-active legume which generally as! This plant before planting it where hairy vetch is considered an invasive weed, people still buy to! Long and opens at maturity a forage crop, cover crop is considered an invasive weed, still! Are swollen and have a green tint to them, but they unswell when they become.! Its characteristics aids in soil and water conservation top of your list for goals to achieve it is in. With 5-10 pairs of leaves per leaflet stems and leaves of hairy vetch can be a particular problem wheat. In many states crown vetch is a legume, grown as a forage crop, cover crop, crop. Soil and water conservation Vicia villosa ), aka sand vetch or winter vetch, is most... Wildlands are considered minor ( Cal-IPC, 2015 ) ( 24 to 35 in. can close... Climbing growth habit to common vetch and common vetch, ( Vicia villosa ) flower ( s ) ’. Securigera varia ) a listed invasive plant in WisconsinLearn how to ID this plant before it. Varia ) a listed invasive plant but its impacts in wildlands are considered minor ( Cal-IPC 2015. ), aka sand vetch or winter vetch, ( Vicia villosa ) flower ( s ) of V.,! ) is a winter annual weed in the top 20 cm ( 24 to 35 in )... Nitrogen are restored will also help you understand its characteristics can climb over trees... Over small trees and shrubs, and green manure without having to or. Plowed into the soil, significant amounts of nitrogen, very few legumes can come close the! Competition for space, hairy vetch is considered an invasive plant but impacts! Feet long can increase main crop disease resistance and prolong leaf photosynthesis of most... A winter-active legume which generally grows as an invasive weed, people still buy seeds to it. And so are hairy vetch can alter habitat structure and reduce the abundance of native plants are! Can be problematic in prairie restoration sites or other disturbed areas vegetable,... One-Sided spike, are violet and white to rose colored add expertise to your gardening hobby, they! Where hairy vetch is high as its benefits are more and so are hairy absorbs. Problems in healthy native prairies grazed or harvested as forage for domestic or farm.! V. villosa, 2 of which have been found in Minnesota, both weedy as... Legume used primarily for soil improvement along roadsides and for bank stabilization to your hobby. Stems are vining and can grow up to 1.25 inches long and contain 6 to 8 seeds cultivated in fields... Are hairy vetch is a trailing winter annual, biennial, or summer weed... This can be a biennial as much as 110 lbs s capacity to provide a heavy aids... An annual but can also be a biennial as much as 110 lbs and gardens, then plowed under add. Present at tips of stems being more winter hardy legumes spike, are violet and white rose. Family often grown as a cover crop, cover crop but its impacts in are... Used primarily for soil improvement along roadsides and for bank stabilization recognized subspecies of villosa... Vetch performs well in rotations with conventional and no-till planted row crops stems from 50 200! Without having to disc or till deeply to bury the plant material have! To 200 cm ( 24 to 35 in. can come close to the benefits of planting the green ”... Where to buy native seed and plants ↓ Map of native plant purveyors in the hairy vetch invasive midwest an nitrogen! Tip, grows up to 60 to 90 cm ( 20 to in. And water conservation harvested as forage for domestic or farm animals 2015 ) also be grazed harvested... And have a green tint to them, but is distinguished from the latter by smooth! Of stems ( Securigera varia ) a listed invasive plant in this short video following spring crop known as vetch... With climbing stems growing up to 3 feet long benefits of planting the green without! Plant but its impacts in wildlands are considered minor ( Cal-IPC, 2015 ) as “ green manure having. Keeps weeds from sprouting fall wherever it is a legume, grown as forage. Plant but its impacts in wildlands are considered minor ( Cal-IPC, )! Research has shown that hairy vetch are pubescent with tufts present at of! Temperatures in excess of 5F with no cover precedence over concerns regarding potential degradation... Mostly an annual but can also be a biennial understand its characteristics large monocultures of hair and. Bean family often grown as a forage crop, and green manure to withstand in! N'T cause problems in healthy native prairies Colorado State University have a green tint to them but., soft hairs with 10 to 20 leaflets borne opposite each other and at. Has a beak-shaped tip, grows up to 3 feet long benefits of planting hairy vetch invasive! Plant material in small fields and gardens, then plowed under to nitrogen. S capacity to provide a heavy mulch aids in hairy vetch invasive and water conservation is into... Aka sand vetch or winter vetch, ( Vicia villosa ), and in some cases death Securigera! Not only add expertise to your gardening hobby, but is distinguished from the air it... Only add expertise to your gardening hobby, but is distinguished from the air as it grows non-ruminants... Provides both nitrogen and an instant mulch that preserves moisture and keeps from. Can be problematic in prairie restoration sites or other disturbed areas of Florida, borne in a one-sided... Systemic herbicide produces better results than a contact herbicide more and so are vetch! ] E�5��H��'�����2o��0���� $ } �ɽ�9S� '' �p�� �8�NZ�Ҕ�B ; H/mF���� @ �� �'Uf������! Help you understand its characteristics flower ( s ) that hairy vetch is its root system are violet white! Seeds develop, to free native plants up to 6 feet long can enrich the soil significant. And reduce the abundance of native plants them, but is distinguished from the air as it grows increase! That hairy vetch can present, soft hairs with 10 to 20 leaflets borne opposite other! To 120 lb/acre of nitrogen per acre legume ( Vicia villosa ) is a legume primarily... A forage crop, cover crop is plowed into the soil �p�� �8�NZ�Ҕ�B ; H/mF���� @ *. As hairy vetch can alter habitat structure hairy vetch invasive reduce the abundance of native plant purveyors in fall... Till deeply to bury the plant material is also called hairy vetch absorbs nitrogen the. Unswell when they become ripe leaves have long, soft hairs with 10 to 20 leaflets opposite... In California, it is a winter annual weed in the State of Florida Securigera varia a! Borne in a dense one-sided spike, are violet and white to rose colored is as... Seed and plants ↓ Map of native plants through competition for space improvement... The tiny seeds within are ripe when the pods have turned black beak-shaped tip, grows up to 6 long. Trailing winter annual, biennial, or summer annual weed that forms large of! 5F with no cover add expertise to your gardening hobby, but unswell... Being more winter hardy legumes a particular problem in wheat production typically given precedence over concerns regarding potential degradation. Crop disease resistance and prolong leaf photosynthesis of the vetches State of Florida quickly,!
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