... 1648. This was not a good decision as Fairfax had deployed his army in a very strong position, going so far as to hide some of his troops from sight. Britain emerged victorious in each case, mainly thanks to her superb navy. No area was safe, and large numbers of Norse (as the Vikings were called) settled in northern England, northern Scotland and Ireland. California – Do not sell my personal information. Britain ended the wars as one of the leading powers in Europe, her navy in complete control of the seas, and a larger overseas empire than before, with the expansion of her territories in India and Australia and new additions in South Africa and the East Indies. Charles instructed his attorney-general to issue a charge of treason against one peer and five members of the Commons including Pym and Hampden. Events. ‘Ship Money’ was made illegal in 1641. Caught between two Royalist armies the majority of Parliamentarian soldiers simply fled from the battlefield giving the Royalists victory. "A Military Journal of the Wars in Germany, and the Wars in England. In 1628 he became Member of Parliament for Huntingdon. Click here to see more posts in this category. Charles needed money to finance the war with France and Spain and reluctantly recalled Parliament. London is the commercial and financial capital of the world. Viking attacks have affected all the peoples of the British Isles, but in England they have been overcome by the Anglo-Saxons under the kings of Wessex. Catholics, most of the Nobles and gentry, about half of all Members of Parliament, the poorer areas of the North and West. He was the prime mover behind the decision to execute the King in 1649 and the establishment of the Commonwealth. Caught between two Royalist armies the majority of Parliamentarian soldiers simply fled from the battlefield. Nearer home, Britain adopted a policy of isolationism towards her European neighbours for many years, but rising tensions on the continent forced her to ally herself with France and Russia against Germany and Austria. It was replaced by the Barebones Parliament, a select parliament of committed Puritans who elected Cromwell as Lord Protector. The battle was declared a draw. These years also saw Britain become a cultural trend-setter to the world, symbolised by the emergence of the Beatles as a global phenomenon. A historian of the Ottoman Empire and modern Turkey, he is a publisher of popular history, a podcaster, and online course creator. Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford, was executed on Tower Hill. Richard Cavendish | Published in History Today Volume 48 Issue 10 October 1998 The Westphalia area of north-western Germany gave its name to the treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War, one of the most destructive conflicts in the history of Europe. 22 May–October – Robert Blake blockades Prince Rupert 's fleet in Kinsale , Ireland. He positioned his infantry in the middle and cavalry at the sides. In the 60’s and 70’s Britain let go most of her remaining overseas territories. What is clear is that the Irish were converted to the new religion in the fifth century, and from the sixth century they began sending missionaries to Scotland (where an Irish tribe, the Scotti, had established a kingdom) and northern England. For Britain, this period is known as the “Victorian Era”, named after the queen who has now sat on the throne since 1837 and who will continue to do so for three more decades. This tax was paid by coastal towns to pay for the upkeep of the Royal Navy. 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