You could not be signed in. The presented method can obtain not only the detailed stability status at any grid node of a complex shear plane but also the global safety of the slope. Part of Springer Nature. The wedges are usually four or five sided. These methods are developed on the assumption that the plane of failure is circular arc, apart from the Culmann method that assumes a plane surface of failure through the toe of the slope. Permission to Distribute - American Rock Mechanics Association. Hoek and Bray (1981) gave an analytical approach for plane failure analysis for rock slopes that is limited to those slopes in which the upper slope surface is horizontal and the tension crack is vertical. Für die Bemessung der Ankerkräfte zur Sicherung einer gleitgefährdeten Felsmasse wird für das ebene Problem eine Grundformel hergeleitet. An analysis is presented here which can take these factors into account. failure, buckling failure and circular failure, are often observed. American Society of Civil Engineers. In this manner the engineer can obtain a good idea of the sensitivity of the rock slope construction to changes in the individual parameters. An approach for calculating distributed factor of safety of the irregular shear plane was put forward in this paper. The application of the method is illustrated in several practical examples of the design of rock slopes. Failure could arise from a single discontinuity, a pair of … Dans cet exposé figure un programme complet pour le modèle très répandu: le "Hewlett-Packard HP-65". bridge along the sliding surface in the plane failure and wedge failure analysis. Kinematic Analysis: Kinematic analysis is a method used to analyze the potential for the various modes of rock slope failures (plane, wedge, toppling failures), that occur due to … Vancouver, 2016, 77–90: 11: G Liu, X Zhuang, Z Cui. The common methods for the analysis of a slope’s stability are Culmann Method, Ordinary Method of Slices and Bishop Method of Slices. The rock is variably weathered, as shown by the brown colours in Figures 1 and 2. As shown on Figures 1 and 2, at the right hand side the failure has occurred along a bedding plane. Die Bemessungsformel dient in beiden Fällen auch zur Durchführung einer umfangreichen Parameteranalyse um die Empfindlichkeit der Konstruktion auf die Variation der einzelnen Parameter zu ermitteln. Slope stability analysis is a static or dynamic, analytical or empirical method to evaluate the stability of earth and rock-fill dams, embankments, excavated slopes, and natural slopes in soil and rock. Dans le cas du problème plan, on a mis au point une formule fondamentale pour le dimensionnement des ancrages qui doivent retenir une masse rocheuse susceptible de glisser. Plane failure analysis The potentially unstable regions in rock slopes consist of some wedges. Event. (1981) Rock Slope Engineering, The Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London. These slopes often include open-pit mining, embankments, road cuts, landfills, and excavations. Summary. & Anbalagan, R. Plane failure analysis of rock slopes. This investigation may be carried out quickly, without time consuming calculations, even at the site, if a programmable pocket electronic calculator is available. and in the three dimensional case somewhat complicated. The discovery of a formal analogy between the plane failure problem and that of wedge failure on two intersecting plane surfaces makes it possible to use the basic formula also for the solution of the complicated three-dimensional wedge problem. Publisher. Rock Slope Failure. Sharma, S., Raghuvanshi, T.K. Kovari, K., and P. Fritz. The first failure occurred in a 20 m high granite slope that was stabilized by removing the top 6 m and installing a number of tensioned rock anchors in the toe. 24 3.1 Geometry of slope exhibiting plane failure: (a) cross-section of the rock slope with a plane failure situation; and (b) release surfaces at ends of plane failure. In dieser Arbeit ist ein vollständiges Programm für das weitverbreitete Modell "Hewlett-Packard HP-65" angegeben. The primary objective of slope stability analysis is to identify potential failure mechanisms and endangered areas. Plane failure in rock slopes is relatively a simple mode of failure, however it may involve complex failure mechanism owing to its complex geometry (Yoon et al., 2002), heterogeneity in geology, non-planer potential failure plane, variability in shear-strength along the potential failure plane (Tang et al., 2016), uneven distribution of the water forces (Ahmadi and Eslami, 2011), surcharge (Shukla et al., … 3 shows examples of computed daylight envelopes for a family of east-sloping rock faces with slopes in 58 increments. A probabilistic analysis will provide you with a safety factor distribution and a probability of failure. "Stability Analysis Of Rock Slopes For Plane And Wedge Failure With The Aid Of A Programmable Pocket Calculator." Hoek and Bray (1981) gave an analytical approach for plane failure analysis for rock slopes that is limited to those slopes in which the upper slope surface is horizontal and the tension crack is vertical. Priest (1985) investigated the prediction of unstable block or wedge by the use of stereographic rotation plane. The first failure occurred in a 20 m high granite slope that was stabilized by removing the top 6 m and installing a number of tensioned rock anchors in the toe. 2.6 Mechanism of rock slope failure under self weight, water forces, surcharge, horizontal seismic force, and stabilizing force. Der Einfluss der Kohäsion kommt dabei explizit zum Ausdruck, die Einflüsse der Geometrie, des Reibungswinkels und des Sicherheitsfaktors treten in zwei Faktoren zusammengefasst in Erscheinung. Stability of Slopes Introduction. Immediate online access to all issues from 2019. ROCK SLOPES PROCESSES AND RECOMMENDED METHODS FOR ANALYSIS A. K. Alzo'ubi College of Engineering, Abu Dhabi University, UAE ABSTRACT: The stability of rock slopes is of great concern in many engineering projects, for example, road cuts, foundations, retaining walls, and dam excavation Generally, rock slopes susceptible to instability could be divided into two main categories, the … You do not currently have access to this content. A simple formula for plane slope failure is derived, which may be used for the design of anchors to ensure the safety of rock masses endangered by slides. (a) Plane, (b) wedge, (c) circular and (d) toppling -sliding. further analysis of the stability of a rock mass has tended Aoalysis to use traces of typical discontinuities on a spherical Following Hoek and Bray (1981), we consider a first projection rather than pi diagrams; examples may be site where a wedge is formed by two plane disconti- seen in … Search for other works by this author on: 1975. Subscription will auto renew annually. Learn more about Institutional subscriptions. Failure of a rock slope on one or two plane surfaces is the simplest but at the same time the most important type of sliding failure and forms the basis for the stability analysis of rock slopes. Slope failures in the quarry are controlled by rock structure. 1. 16th U.S. R. Anbalagan. In the following sections a method is developed which does away with these disadvantages and consequently substantially simplifies the design of rock slopes. Quelques exemples illustrent l'application à des cas concrets. Paper presented at the The 16th U.S Symposium on Rock Mechanics (USRMS), Minneapolis, Minnesota, September 1975. If FS = 1, then the slope is in critical condition. Die Aufdeckung einer formalen Analogie zwischen dem Abgleiten auf einer Ebene und dem Abgleiten eines Felskeiles auf zwei Ebenen erlaubt es, die einfache Grundformel des ebenen Problems direkt für die Lösung des verwickelten räumlichen Problems anzuwenden. Avec une calculatrice électronique programmable, ces investigations peuvent être faites à la fois rapidement et sans calculs fastidieux sur le terrain-même. International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment: Vol. © 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Despite the simplicity of the mathematical model, the necessary computations using present methods are time consuming on account of the large number of parameters entering into the computations (geometrical parameters, material properties, anchor forces etc.) 2. REFERENCES Gravitational and seepage forces tend to cause instability in natural slopes, in slopes formed by excavation and in the slopes of embankments and earth dams. The application of Goodman and Bray's limit equilibrium analysis of multi-block toppling failures to these three slopes is demonstrated. Kinematic Analysis – Planar Rock Slope Failure To consider the kinematic admissibility of plane instability, five necessary but simple geometrical criteria must be met: (i) The plane on which sliding occurs must strike near parallel to the slope face (within approx. The Barton-Bandis nonlinear failure criterion and the limit equilibrium principle were adopted to account for the nonlinear characteristics of rock joint shear strength and safety factor of slope, respectively. Factor of safety is the shear strength at the time of failure τ f compared to the stress acting at that plane τm. The 16th U.S Symposium on Rock Mechanics (USRMS), Federal Institute of Technology, Institute of Highways and Underground Structures, Department of Rock Mechanics. Dans les deux cas, la formule de dimensionnement permet aussi la réalisation d'une vaste analyse paramétrique pour déterminer la sensibilité de la construction à la variation des paramètres individuels. 16th U.S. Kinematic Analysis Kinematic Analysis –– Planar Rock Slope FailurePlanar Rock Slope Failure To consider the kinematic admissibility of plane instability To consider the kinematic admissibility of plane instability, five necessary but simple geometrical criteria must be met: (i) The plane … The limit equilibrium method is generally utilized in the stability analysis of rock slope with single failure plane. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00421876, Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips, Not logged in The most important types of slope failure are illustrated in Fig.1. Hoek, E. and Bray, J. The rock mass which is subject to potential sliding failure is assumed to be a rigid body and the stability analysis is carried out using the method of limit equilibrium analysis. Correspondence to Recently, the factor of safety of rock slopes against the wedge failure … ... • Analysis of this type of failure is very complex and rarely done. 9, No. analysis for rock slopes and also calculating factor of safety values for plane and wedge failures based on the limit equilibrium theory. Varying the tension crack from vertical to 70° only has an effect when the upper slope angle is less than 20°. Geotech Geol Eng 13, 105–111 (1995). Stability of Finite Slopes with Plane Failure Surface ... • Rapidly moving mass of material (rock or soil) that travels mostly through the air with little or no interaction between moving unit and another. 2. The basic formula may in both cases also be used to make a detailed parametric study to investigate the sensitivity of the rock slope construction to variations in individual parameters. Toppling failure has not been considered, under which circumstances the simple resolution of forces together with the Coulomb failure hypothesis on the sliding plane are sufficient to arrive at a solution of the problem. L'influence de la cohésion y figure explicitement, celle de la géométrie, de l'angle de frottement et du coefficient de sécurité y apparaissent implicitement dans deux facteurs. Symposium on Rock Mechanics. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to, Special Contribution Slope Stability With Plane, Wedge And Polygonal Sliding Surfaces, Application of block theory to rock slope stability studies, Wedge Failure Analysis of a Rock Slope In Himalayas. On a découvert une analogie formelle entre le glissement sur un plan et le glissement d'un coin de roche le long de deux plans. - 213.144.97.145. An extract from Stability Analysis of Rock Slopes for Plane & Wedge Failure with the Aid of a programmable Pocket Calculator, K. Kovari and P. Fritz, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland Institute of Highways and Underground Structures, Department of Rock Mechanics, 10 pgs. " An analysis is presented here which can take these factors into account. The Monte Carlo simulation method was used to analyze the rock slopes. A modified pseudo-dynamic approach was used for a reliability-based stability analysis of plane failure rock slopes. ±20°). Plane failure analysis of rock slopes: A reliability approach. (1995). As an alternative to computer drafting, Fig. However, the stratified rock slope cannot be accurately estimated by this method because of different bedding planes and their variable shear strength parameters. The cohesional strength component appears explicitly in the formula, while the geometrical parameters, the friction angle and the safety factor are included in only two factors, kt and k2. Geotechnical & Geological Engineering This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check access. Please check your username and password and try again. In this type of failure, the failure plane is predetermined. The quantitative determination of the stability of slopes is necessary in a number of engineering activities, such as: (a) the design of earth dams and embankments, (b) the analysis of stability of natural slopes, (c) analysis of the stability of excavated slopes, (d) analysis of deepseated failure of foundations and retaining walls. The original Hoek-Brown (HB) failure criterion was used to analyse the stability of rock slopes. The shear strength is represented by the Mohr-Coulomb criteria: τ= c and of its equatorial plane to the horizontal [Figure (c) Toppling failure in hard rock with slabs or columns defined by discontinuities that dip steeply into the slope Circular failure in overburden soil, waste rock or heavily fractured rock with no identifiable structural pattern Stability Analysis of Rock Slopes with Plane and Wedge Failure by Means of a Pocket Calculator. Well developed joint planes comprise the other part of the failure … The UDEC analysis per- formed by Lorig & Varona (2001) predicts a failure mechanism with a … Diese Untersuchungen können rasch und ohne langwierige Rechnungen selbst im Felde durchgeführt werden, wenn ein programmierbarer Taschenrechner zur Verfügung steht. 1, pp. Ceci permet d'appliquer directement la formule fondamentale, du problème plan, qui est simple, à la résolution du problème enchevêtré qui se présente dans l'espace. Fig. The orientation and spacing of the discontinuities plane with respect to the slope face are the determinants of rock slope failure. Plane failure is a simple mode of failure in rock s lopes, however due to com plexity in geometry, variability in discontinuity characteristics, uneven distribution of water forces within the slope, Failure of a rock slope on one or two plane surfaces is the simplest but at the same time the most important type of sliding failure and forms the basis for the stability analysis of rock slopes. The aim of the investigation is to determine the influence of the main parameters on the safety factor (Hoek and Londe, 1974). non-associative character of toppling-sliding rock slope failures, examples of experimental data were chosen from the rock mech-anics literature to address (iii). A complete program is given in this paper for the widely used "Hewlett- Packard HP 65" pocket calculator. Fig. The stratified rock of Jurassic strata is widely distributed in Three Gorges Reservoir Region. The application of Goodman and Bray's limit equilibrium analysis of multi-block failures to these three slopes is demonstrated. Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout. The present work focuses on the study of the wedge failure, which occurs as sliding of a mass of rock on two intersecting planes, generally discontinuity planes. Traditionally, rock slope stability analyses are performed to determine the economic design of manmade or natural slopes. At the time of failure, the shear strength of the soil is fully mobilized along the failure plane. This site uses cookies. It is found that varying the angle of the upper slope from 0° to 30° causes a significant reduction in the factor of safety. PubMed Google Scholar. 5.1Example 1 – plane failure of slope with daylighting discontinuities The first example involves a set of discontinuities spaced 10m apart, which dip out of the slope at 35° (see Figures 2a to 2c). 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