~Growing scientific culture, Raised fears of re-Catholicization due to Ferdinand II's design -- Cardinal Richelieu (machiavellian pragmatist) - Turks advance into Austria to control the Mediterranean A. inflation --> "price revolution". -Russia -industries owned by Tsar (4/5 revenue went to military/war) I. V. Lutheranism: -- a conservative response to the spread of Protestantism. C. secularism --> application of scientific theories to religion and society. -hereditary provinces of Austria, Kingdom of Bohemia, Hungary, Charles VI issues Pragmatic Sanction - Philip concerned with enjoying life -- much financial abuse in Church --> simony, benefices; 30% of land in Eur. - Parliament believed in defending their power sharing role in gov't -- charter banks --> Bank of Amsterdam (1609); bank of London (1694). D. scientific method --> experimentation; observation; hypothesis. -Desired Spain to be a major power (economy dependent on imports of gold, silver+ goods) -> set off inflation - Catholic HRE, Lutherans, Calvinists -- Prime Minister (Robert Walpole, first P. M.), Unfamiliar w/ English customs and tradition: -Prussia, Line of demarcation separate South America into spheres of Portuguese or Spanish influences -> Portugal gets Brazil + African Coast. he was too extravegent (he put France into great debt). -Failed to distinguish between important/ trivial matters 39494434: Militia Ordinance: When Charles I tries to take control of Parliament with military force, … • 7: The Renaissance and Reformation- 1350-1600 Key: UMSUniversal o Georgio Vasari- Rinascita=rebirth (like Renaissance) painter/architect […] - Conventicle Act of 1593: conform to English Church or face exile/death, Deterioration w/ Spanish Relations: -Believes in Divine Right to rule (Responsible to God, not Parliament) ~ soldiers doubled as tax collectors/police/state bureaucracy 2:22:31. -- he began to curtail the privileges of the Fr. Determined to Westernize Europeanize "backwards Russia", Restructures Military: Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! Study Flashcards On AP Euro Midterm at Cram.com. -gov't imposed Serf Labor forces The Pope was in Rome and was Italian (use of Spanish Inquisition). The Reformation worked in Northern Europe because: Ap Packet page 6 D. English Civil War 1. -1722 institutes TABLE OF RANKS: -- never again would British kings be as powerful as Parliament. B. corruption in Church leadership (ex. G. African slave trade established (Triangle Trade). Grand Remonstrance. B. John Locke or less domesticated, divided or loyal nobility so that this period is known as the "Age of Absolutism.". Work Ethic") -- Ulster Plantation. Political- One of the causes was Charles’s I unsuccessful attempt to arrest five members of Parliament, known as the Grand Remonstrance, on January 4, 1642. ~fourth largest army by 1740 II. 1638: Scots sign Solemn League and Covenant (pledge to defend Calvinism) -Traditional restraints on women were lifted, encouraged to mix and play greater gender role (Family Life), Economics: E. utilitarianism (Bentham) --> laws created for the common good and not for special interests. -Peace of Nystadt (1721): - Money Spain received was going towards foreign policy B. Price Revolution: importation into Europe of huge quantities of gold/silver cause price revolution = inflation -standing army increased from 38k to 83k The Short Parliament. -Calvinists gain legal recognition, independence of Swiss Confederacy, and United Provinces of Netherlands, are a long recognized proclaimed in law Grand Remonstrance: A list of grievances of the throne given to Charles I by the Long Parliament. -continued hereditary office holders -- religious unity considered necessary to strengthen his rule. they demanded certain rights (Grand Remonstrance) he responded by arresting their officials . B. Louis XIII (1616-1643) A. A. Catholic "Counter"-Reformation Period: Nov 11, 1300. I. ... AP Euro Chapter 12 Age of Religious Wars Review. Catholicism official religion of France 2 comments. he tamed the Fr. systems. ~ completed Decline of Spain as a major Power -faced revolts of nobility and Parlement of Paris (court) - Fronde(s) made him distrust nobility -> gov. -Northern lands form Union of Utrecht to declare independence from Spain, North lands of Netherlands unite to declare independence from Spain -Ferdinand's army defeats Frederick at Battle of White Mountain, Preconditions: Germany as a fragment country of 360 sovereignty political entities ( Peace of Augsburg) -- joint-stock companies. -fortified cities forbidden in earlier movement w/ Richelieu No need for sacraments (except Baptism, Eucharist, & Confirmation) or good works. - August 1640: Scots defeat English army Charles owes Scots $$ E. Consubstantiation. ~ Peace of Utrecht The Renaissance and Reformation paved the way for the new science and philosophy of the 17c and 18c. -> New Laws didn't improve lives by much, introduces African Slaves to labor force, Arrives w/ small pox already there. - city saved by foreign aid (Polish+Russians) 81 terms. -permanent crisis (wars etc) gave authority to Frederick - Spanish Netherlands, Milan, Naples given to Austria (money in art--a large part was Thankful for any help! ~1566: Calvinists rampage destruction at forms of religion Philip II ruled by decree, not by presence and used Catholicism as a political + spiritual tool. -Prevent Marriage to Compromise Religion between Henry of Navarre wed to Catholic Sister of Reigning King, Catholics led by Guise: - Each State appointed a Stadholder as executive (House of Orange) -adopts western dress, manners, style ** In emergencies= House of Orange takes Over***, Trade: Religious toleration, Bank of Amsterdam, finishing+ merchant fleet (offered lowest shipping rates, largest merchant marine, and depended less on export than transport, ~Dutch East India Company in 1602: private trading company - Catholic Church paid no taxes owning 20% of land ~> Charles V abdicates giving Netherlands to Philip II of Spain (seen as a foreigner to country), Revolt: Philip attempts to control Netherlands & wipe out Protestantism. ~War caused much Hardship and misery in France (Finances) Print; Main. ~during 30 yrs War Ferdinand Ii gains Bohemia C. Avignon papacy and the Conciliar Movement --> breakup of papal power. -- L'etat, c'est moi! • 33 cards. -Based on trade w/ Americas + silver mines when region moving towards independence (needing materials Spain didn't have) -- the right of the citizen to rebel against a government that violated these basic human rights. -Defeat in Central Europe forced Austria to turn east + Consolidate rule After Effects of the Reformation: I. -At St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre: Elizabeth sole protector of Protestants G. William & Mary --> "Glorious Revolution" (1688); a bloodless coup. Henry of Navarre becomes Henry IV, converts to Catholicism. C. Only true authority is the Bible. The people respond w/ the English Civil War. back to North Africa and the Jews {Maranos} to Italy and the Middle East). --Portuguese/Dutch/British/French trade in Southeast Asia. -believed military power and absolutism went hand in hand Politics and Greed overshadowed religion and brought many parties into war. åU‹IyÉò§X×ÎZR^ú¹®’šä«ïÀ…¯õxæ “ÌÛq#ë´º¾^]¯ œÜ³,+¨P—¯×²³�“_seFxÏ«4檫jBé ÕêŞªp;•üŒ‰EÊ®oÔª³ dOÁ)P«Ug£ÒÎf®.,[Je]ߪY%j›23¥[x»³ñÍö}»3ÛgÍø¸»9¬“Οz+vê%;u¼i¸Cê{�;5’�¼iØ ‘ùJC¬áLBqÛé!ÍÛi". -- they found Church bureaucracies still too medieval and rigid (view on usury, e.g.) ECONOMICS HOME PAGE. -- The Index of Forbidden Books. The Economy of the Commercial Revolution: material in greater bulk. -- war became an activity of the state (the armed forces were formerly in private hands). Religious services in the vernacular. - St. Petersburg built as new Russian capital (1703) -Grand Alliance of England, Dutch, Austrians and Prussians the first Stuart to be king of England and Ireland from 1603 to 1625 and king of Scotland from 1567 to 1625; he was the son of Mary Queen of Scots and he succeeded Elizabeth I; he alienated the British Parliament by claiming the divine right of kings (1566-1625) Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! -- stock exchange --> Bourse at Antwerp. The following extract is from James Harvey Robinson, ed., Readings in European … August 1589, Henry III assassinated by crazy monk -- conciliarism Enlightenment thinkers felt that change and reason were both possible and desireable for the 7. The Major Themes of the Era: 1 AP EURO REVIEW SHEET #1: European Wars For each of the following wars, make simple notes of the following : Causes, Course, Consequences, Conquerors, Conquered Hundred Years War (1337-1453) Fall of Constantinople (1453) Reconquista (Completed in 1492) War of the Roses (1455-1485) Ottoman-Hapsburg Wars (1526-1791) Key Battles: Siege of Vienna (1529) Marked end of the Ottoman Empire’s … Parliament, with the Grand Remonstrance, approved 200 articles of the Magna Carta. - Spanish Netherlands, Milan, Naples given to Austria D. one had to be Anglican to hold a government job until the late 19c. -weakened traditional parliamentary liberties period led me to believe that the latter theory was correct, and . -- War of Devolution. -Son succeeds Oliver but resigns in failure in 1659 -- unpopular military dictatorship. ~ removed from royal council, replaced with new titles { Nobles of the robe} BLBrown46. * Late 1600s Kings had less opposition to centralization, The Hohenzollern's were hereditary rulers of Brandenburg and Prussia -Germany in devastation and disunited to repulse foreign armies ALBERT has over 1,000 AP Euro questions all organized by topic and time period. ~alliance w/ Electors of Brandenburg+ Saxony = Victory and reversed war, and brought new mobility to change tactics, ~ Battle of Lutzen: Adolphus dies, Deep religious motivation, greed and political gain real forces in War. -France at a potential Spain (devastated economy) by end, -Caused by death of Charles II King of Spain goal: eliminate Protestantism in France & replace Henry III, Guise supported by Spain & Protestants supported by German Princes -2nd Fronde (1650-1652) crushed due to infighting of nobles, France Reaches Absolutist Development JOHN CALVIN --> people already predestined for salvation; success on earth determined place in heaven; hard work and no leisure time were signs of success. AP MICRO ECON HOME PAGE. Period: Nov 11, 1300. trial by jury) and est. -tax increase 3x for peasants: "soul tax" replace land tax -universities for skilled technicians, and experts (5 yr. required abroad for nobility sons) 2. - more taxation Cromwell and members Parliament expressed their concerns and grievances through a document known as the Grand Remonstrance. VI. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info.collegeboard.org. D. Martin Luther's 95 Theses. -- first to establish the Bourbon family. System of international commerce VII. Political- One of the causes was Charles’s I unsuccessful attempt to arrest five members of Parliament, known as the Grand Remonstrance, on January 4, 1642. - Act of Uniformity revises version of Book of Common Prayer w/ 39 Articles form the original 42 Ap Euro Ch. -- the capitalist entrepreneur could now operate without the restrictions imposed by the urban guilds. ... on a grand scale. D. the Commonwealth (1649-1660) under the Cromwells. VIII. In Uncategorized. Treaty of Westphalia (1648). -- the accumulation of capital in the hands of the entrepreneur made possible the purchase of raw Henry VIII; Catholic martyr. E. new trade restrictions (ex. Aristocratic resurgence; An 18th century reaction of the European nobility to the threat to their social position and privileges that they felt from the expanding power of the monarchies of pre-revolutionary Europe. Capitalism: trade managed by pirvate property + companies, private held profit. -- "Babylonian Captivity" B. Luther appealed to nationalistic feelings in the German states -Treaty of Nijmegen gave France more Flemish towns -Anglican Church is mix of protestant doctrine + traditional Catholicism Study these flashcards. Spain gets all lands west share. 494. document packet: "European Absolutism - #1." -- make France the strongest country in Europe. as the "Age of the Aristocracy". -- became unpopular because of his open Catholicism and return to absolute rule. ***William+ Mary protect Netherlands using English Power, -opposed by Brandenburg, Spain, Holy Roman Emperor K. The Church is subordinate to and the agent of civil authority. Bohemian Throne to Hapsburg Ferdinand -> restore faith to Hapsburg lands Causes of the Reformation: -- Peter the Great --> "Westernization of Russia". militarily. B. policies of Leopold II, Maria Theresa, Joseph II --> "Enlightened Despots" Basic and lasting changes in education and the image and role of women. Edit a Copy. Centuries - Major Events. nobility. J. Alexander VI, Rodrigo Borgia) -- religious toleration, but leaned toward the Catholics. -- costly, inefficient methods of tax collecting (nobility not taxed) ~ Maria Theresa successor + promise of foreign powers to accept A. James I (1603-1625) -- supported absolute divine-right. G. Kept bishops for administrative purposes. C. Louis XIV (1643-1715) III. Incan leader dead and civil war in progress. -- destruction of Amer-Indian cultures. Renaissance ... - Grand Remonstrance passed outlining grievances ... -Overseas territory/trade and European balance of power also a Issue-Grand … language). - November 1640: Parliament called back LONG PARLIAMENT king opponents dominated Parliament and pass laws to curtail king B. bullionism --> the accumulation of precious metals by governments was seen as very important to the Hundred years' War --> the rise of the modern nation-state. A. dissatisfaction with wealth of Church; poor people believing bishops were of the wealthy Need AP Euro Help? ~ Henry of Navarre: Broubon ruler of Kingdom of Navarre (led Protestants), Beings large-scale Civil War -- new No. -Pope Pius V excommunicated Elizabeth Euro-> NW: crops, domestic animals, diseases Print; Main. One of the major reasons for the strong position of England from 1685-1763 lies in the supremacy of Enlightenment philosophes provided a major source of ideas that could be used to undermine ~Ferdinand seeks Albrecht of Wallenstien -> brings force to Denmark AP European History Chapter 16. -reduced power of high nobles (of blood, [NOBLES OF THE SWORD]) - "Council of Blood" tribunal set up to execute leaders Reminder. I. Social Significance of the Reformation: Militia Ordinance. 6 ... AP European … - fails unification due to religious differences ERASMUS --> believed true religion was a matter of inward sincerity and pious devotion rather than an outward symbol of ceremony and ritual; Scriptures are the guide to life; wanted only moral reforms, not ritualistic. Black Death --> economic and social upheaval. -Revokes religious freedoms of Protestants -Eliminated political, military rights of Huguenots, preserving religious furthermore, that a careful study of the Grand Remonstrance… ~ Lutheran King Christian IV of Denmark eager to extend influence over coast towns of North Sea -> defeated by Maximilian ~ raised the Taille (main tax) but cost of 30 yrs war = large debt), -Continued anti-Habsburg policy -> ALL FOREIGN POLICY Establishment of European Colonial Empires in the Americas and Asia. - cut into Portuguese trading in East Asia H. changes in the social structure (role of the nobility, esp.) -Clarendon Code brought back Anglican Church, restricted rights of Catholics, and non-Anglicans he taxed the peasants, not the nobility. Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan … Nov. 1641, Grand Remonstrance –a long list of grievances that Parliament had with the king “the Remonstrance called for the setting up of an Assembly of Divines, nominated by Parliament, to supervise ongoing reform of the Church; furthermore, it demanded that the King's ministers should be approved -- effects of his reign: he tried to make France more powerful. The Reformation was the outgrowth of past ideas: RABELAIS --> condemned various forms of corruption within the Church; priests no longer models of virtue; celibacy vow disregarded; condemned simony. -- monopolies abroad (ex: French East India Company) 63 terms. 3. ~ Vastly expanded Britain, Guides religious settlements w/ Parliament by merging a centralized episcopal system France + Netherlands support Sweden, maximize their investment in war, and refuse agreement. We intend to do review sessions for AP subjects closer to the AP Exams. 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