Xhosa falls under the umbrella of the Bantu languages, and is a representative of the south-western Nguni family. Moreover, Xhosa does not generally tolerate sequences of a labial consonant plus /w/. It is essential to get the correct interpretations based on both the carrier’s language and the linguistic system. Aspirated clicks become prenasalized ejected clicks. Vowels can be either short or long. I must admit that this clue is not so easy. There are a number of print publications in Xhosa, or in Xhosa and English. Because of its many "click" sounds the Xhosa language, or isiXhosa as they call it themselves, is different from most other African languages. / Xhosa is one of the official languages of South Africa. [8][9] Xhosa is spoken as a first language by approximately 8.2 million people and by another 11 million as a second language in South Africa, mostly in Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Gauteng and Northern Cape. Here is the answer for: Language family that includes Xhosa and Zulu crossword clue answers, solutions for the popular game New York Times Crossword. The status of Xhosa, like all other African languages in the Republic of South Africa, is complex. There is a series of six dental clicks, represented by the letter ⟨c⟩, similar to the sound represented in English by "tut-tut" or "tsk-tsk"; a series of six alveolar lateral clicks, represented by the letter ⟨x⟩, similar to the sound used to call horses; and a series of alveolar clicks, represented by the letter ⟨q⟩, that sound somewhat like a cork pulled from a bottle. It is also spoken in Botswana and Lesotho. The movie shows the Xhosa tradition of ulwaluko, it is told from the perspective of a homosexual Xhosa man. Top 10 Sites to watch Telugu Movies Online in Hd Quality. The inventory is taken from Wikipedia. Therefore memorizing them will give you a 70% boost in the language. Xhosa Vocabulary. In Clem et al. The main tribes are the Mpondo, Mpondomise, Bomvana, Xesibe, and Thembu. The more notable characteristic is their depressor effect on the tone of the syllable.[21]. 3 • LANGUAGE. l(. People also like. The pocket of air produced by the resulting enclosure is rarefied by the sucking action of the tongue. Like other Southern Bantu languages, Xhosa has borrowed words from the Khoisan languages, as well as from English and Afrikaans. They are thought to have migrated to this region along the east coast of Africa and through central Africa. It has perhaps the heaviest functional load of click consonants in a Bantu language (approximately tied with Yeyi), with one count finding that 10% of basic vocabulary items contained a click.[10]. Bennie, along with John Ross (another missionary), set up a printing press in the Tyhume Valley and the first printed works in Xhosa came out in 1823 from the Lovedale Press in the Alice region of the Eastern Cape. Dental clicks are represented by the letter c, alveolar clicks are indicated by q, and lateral clicks are written with the letter x. Vowel length is not always represented in writing. They have close cultural ties with the Zulu and the Swazi peoples. Whenever /w/ follows a labial consonant, it changes to /j/, which then triggers palatalisation of the consonant. In keeping with many other Southern Bantu languages, Xhosa is an agglutinative language, with an array of prefixes and suffixes that are attached to root words. Xhosa has a Roman-based orthography which was developed by missionaries in the 19th century and adapted to represent the sounds of the language. As with other South African languages, Xhosa is characterized by respectful forms of address for elders and in-laws. Ngqika is considered to be the standard variety. The Xhosa language is properly referred to as isiXhosa. AmaXhosa migrated to the east coast of Africa and came across Khoisan-speaking people; "as a result of this contact, the Xhosa people borrowed some Khoisan words along with their pronunciation, for instance, the click sounds of the Khoisan languages". The clan name is the name of the first ancestor or family that gave birth to the clan. Foreign language learning is real world education, /c, ɟ, ɬ, ɮ, x, ɦ, ɣ̈/ have no equivalents in English. Maho (2009) lists Mpondo (Pondo), Xesibe, Bomvana, Gaika (Ngqika), Gcaleka, Thembu, Mpondomise, Ndlambe, and Hlubi.[4]. The current national anthem of South Africa, starts with the first two lines in Xhosa, with the next two lines translated into Zulu but almost identical to the Xhosa version. Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika is part of the national anthem of South Africa, national anthem of Tanzania and Zambia, and the former anthem of Zimbabwe and Namibia. Palatalisation is a change that affects labial consonants whenever they are immediately followed by /j/. Many Xhosa also live in and around Cape Town , one of South Africa’s capital cities. The language of instruction at universities in South Africa is English or Afrikaans, and Xhosa is taught as a subject, both for native and for non-native speakers. The normal word order in Xhosa is Verb-Object (the subject is part of the verb compound). Nguni languages are, in turn, part of the much larger group of Bantu languages. Xhosa /ˈkɔːsə, ˈkoʊsə/[5][6][7] (Xhosa: [ᵏǁʰɔsa]),[missing tone] also isiXhosa, is a Nguni Bantu language and one of the official languages of South Africa and Zimbabwe. [12] It is the second most common Bantu home language in South Africa as a whole. (eds), These are analogous to the slack-voice nasals, "Xhosa alphabet, pronunciation and language", "isiNdebele for beginners. 15% of its vocabulary is estimated to be of Khoekhoe (Khoisan) origin. The language is also rich in idioms. How difficult is it to learn Xhosa? The prenasalized versions have a very short voicing at the onset which then releases in an ejective, like the prenasalized affricates, while the phonemically nasal clicks have a very long voicing through the consonant. In the Marvel Cinematic Universe films Captain America: Civil War and Black Panther, the language spoken in the fictional African nation of Wakanda is Xhosa. (3) language family (4) my wife and family (5) He encouraged everyone to put pressure on family , relatives and friends to turn out. The word order is subject–verb–object, like in English. The Xhosa live mainly in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. Marking of the plural number depends on the noun class. The language is also rich in idioms. isandla/izandla (hand/hands). Originally inhabited by those who referred to themselves as the amaXhosa tribe, and who called the language itself isiXhosa, the language has taken on much influence from the surrounding countries and languages. However, not all noun classes can be so easily defined. Below are some common words and sentences in Xhosa. Xhosa, a group of mostly related peoples living primarily in Eastern Cape province, South Africa. It is a Bantu language closely related to Zulu, Swazi, and Ndebele. The Xhosa noun consists of two essential parts, the prefix and the stem. This is the smarter way of online learning. MustGo.com. Overview. While palatalisation occurred historically, it is still productive, as is shown by palatalization before the passive suffix /-w/. Xhosa is considered to be a Category II language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English. When aspirated clicks (ch, xh, qh) are prenasalised, the silent letter k is added (nkc, nkx, nkq) to prevent confusion with the nasal clicks nc, nx, nq, and are actually distinct sounds. Contextual translation of "my family" into Xhosa. However, some of the letters have a different pronunciation than as in English. [22] The Bantu ancestor of Xhosa did not have clicks, which attests to a strong historical contact with a San language that did. Hlubi is the dialect in the former Ciskei; there is the more distinct Hlubi language further north, where Xhosa meets SeSotho. It is the Bantu family agglutinative tonal language. The Xhosa language employs 26 letters from the Latin alphabet. Fricatives become affricates. Xhosa, Zulu, Ndelebele and Swati share most of their basic vocabulary as well as grammar. Prenasalisation occurs in several contexts, including on roots with the class 9 prefix /iN-/, for example on an adjective which is feature-matching its noun: /iN- + ɬɛ/ → [intɬɛ] "beautiful" (of a class 9 word like inja "dog"). They are marked with a raised /ʱ/. (7) You are asked to encourage as many of your friends and family to donate blood. The term “Xhosa” can be used both to refer to the language and its native speakers, known as Xhosa people of South Africa. It is a Methodist hymn written in Xhosa by Enoch Sontonga in 1897. All rights reserved. The various parts of the sentence must agree in both class and number.[12]. Implosive consonants Terms of Use Besides pulmonic egressive sounds, which are found in all spoken languages, it has a series of ejective stops and one implosive stop. Privacy Policy Usually, the first title in the Xhosa culture tends to have general semantic transparency with the lexicon of the language inspiring the choice of Xhosa clan name given. In southern Africa, they came into contact with Khoisan-speaking people. Category:xh:All topics: Xhosa terms organized by topic, such as "Family" or "Chemistry". There are no definite or indefinite articles. No change when the following consonant is itself a nasal. Implosive consonants are produced by inhaling rather than exhaling the air. Xhosa is, to some extent, mutually intelligible with Zulu and Northern Ndebele, and other Nguni languages to a lesser extent. [16], Called isiXhosa sengingqi ('local Xhosa'), Xhosa has several dialects. The Xhosa language (Isixhosa), of which there are variations, is part of the Nguni language group. They form part of the southern Nguni and speak mutually intelligible dialects of Xhosa, a Bantu language of the Niger-Congo family. The Xhosa language is properly referred to as isiXhosa. Ngqika is considered to be the standard variety. It is a Bantu language closely related to Zulu, Swazi, and Ndebele. Clicks [11] Zunda languages effectively form a dialect continuum of variously mutually intelligible varieties. Most syllables end in a vowel, and there are no consonant clusters. The Xhosa themselves are somewhat ambivalent about the use of their language in education. Fricatives become affricated and, if voiceless, they become ejectives as well, at least with some speakers: mf is pronounced [ɱp̪fʼ], ndl is pronounced [ndɮ], n+hl becomes ntl [ntɬʼ], n+z becomes ndz [ndz], etc. The verb is modified by affixes to mark subject, object, tense, aspect and mood. The /i/ vowel will be long in the penultimate syllable and short in the last syllable.[17]. [14] There is a small but significant Xhosa community of about 200,000 in Zimbabwe. Language family that includes Xhosa and Zulu crossword clue appeared first on Daily Crossword Solver. Adjectives, possessive pronouns and demonstratives come after the noun they modify. Various parts of speech that qualify a noun must agree with the noun according to its gender. Xhosa verbs are highly inflected. (6) The club is also offering family season tickets for up to two adults and two children. Thus, the word for ‘people’ is abantu in all these languages. 2. Xhosa is rich in uncommon consonants. Henry Hare Dugmore helped translate the entire Bible in Xhosa language. The name “Xhosa” comes from that of a legendary leader called uXhosa. Xhosa is one of the 11 official languages recognized by the South African Constitution, and in 2006 it was determined that just over 7 million South Africans speak Xhosa as a home language. As an example, the composition of the verb In the sentence Un-ntwana u-ya-wa-sel-a ama-nzi ‘One child drinks water’ is shown below. 3 The placeholder N in the prefixes iN- and iiN- for m, n or no letter at all. (They may also be voiced between vowels in some speaking styles.) Approximately 18% of the South African population speaks Xhosa. Although mutually intelligible, they are considered to be separate languages for political and cultural reasons. isiXhosa is one of the official languages of South Africa. This is especially true of the Eastern Cape , where the language is spoken extensively and taught in the schools. Aarons & Reynolds, 2003, "South African Sign Language", in Monaghan, ed., The following languages, namely Chewa, Chibarwe, English, Kalanga, Koisan, Nambya, Ndau, Ndebele, Shangani, Shona, sign language, Sotho, Tonga, Tswana, Venda, and Xhosa are the officially recognised languages of Zimbabwe. As a result of this contact, the Xhosa people borrowed some Khoisan words along with their pronunciation, for instance, the click sounds of the Khoisan languages. Their use in education has been governed by legislation, beginning with the Bantu Education Act, 1953. [16] In the modern period, it has also borrowed, slightly, from both Afrikaans and English. Most syllables end in a vowel, and there are no consonant clusters. [12][13], Xhosa is the most widely distributed African language in South Africa, though the most widely spoken African language is Zulu. Similarly, the tenuis (plain) clicks are often glottalised, with a long voice onset time, but that is uncommon. That is, da may be pronounced [dʱa̤] (or, equivalently, [d̥a̤]). As with other South African languages, Xhosa is characterized by respectful forms of address for elders and in-laws. Xhosa has an inventory of ten vowels: [a], [ɛ~e], [i], [ɔ~o] and [u] written a, e, i, o and u in order, all occurring in both long and short. On this page you will find the solution to Language family that includes Xhosa and Zulu crossword clue crossword clue. In addition, it … But, as with any language, Xhosa had a rich history of oral traditions from which the society taught, informed, and entertained one another. The onset cluster /kl/ from phonologized loanwords such as, The unwritten glottal stop is present in words like, This page was last edited on 8 January 2021, at 14:01. The red letters are orthographic representations of the sounds. John Bennie was a Scottish Presbyterian missionary and early Xhosa linguist. Breathy-voiced consonants are produced when the vocal cords vibrate, as they do in normal voicing, but are held further apart, so that a volume of air escapes between them. Are you having trouble finding the answers to Language family that includes Xhosa and Zulu clue of the New York Times Crossword? Total number of users in all countries is 19.2 million (. Ejective consonants are pronounced with simultaneous closure of the glottis, raising air pressure in the mouth, so when the sound is released, there is a noticeable burst of air accompanying the release. Inxeba (The Wound) is a movie directed by John Trengove. It has been a language that has existed in the southeastern African area for hundreds of years, since before the 16th century. Family words in Xhosa. Mpondo (Pondo), Xesibe, Bomwana, Gaika, Gcaleka, Thembu, Mpondomise, Ndlambe (Ethnologue). They are truly voiced only after nasals, but the oral occlusion is then very short in stops, and it usually does not occur at all in clicks. As with other South African languages, Xhosa is characterized by respectful forms of address for elders and in-laws. Several radio stations and one TV station broadcast in Xhosa. Xhosa has several dialects, including Mpondo (Pondo), Xesibe, Bomwana, Gaika, Gcaleka, Thembu, Mpondomise, Ndlambe (Ethnologue). The Xhosa language (isiXhosa) belongs to the Niger–Congo languages family, and more specifically to the Bantu branch. Their use in education has been governed by legislation, beginning with the Bantu Education Act, 1953.[12]. The Xhosa are a people of South Africa . The following table gives an overview of Xhosa noun classes, arranged according to singular-plural pairs. At present, Xhosa is used as the main language of instruction in many primary schools and some secondary schools, but is largely replaced by English after the early primary grades, even in schools mainly serving Xhosa-speaking communities. Xhosa Language. The Xhosa nation is made up of tribes and clans. 3. Release of the forward closure results in a pop-like sound. Tone, stress and vowel length are not indicated. Xhosa, along with Zulu and other indigenous languages of South Africa, has been a source of many words that were borrowed by South African English and that do not occur in other varieties of English in other parts of the world. Xhosa has the following clicks consonants which can be modified in a variety of ways, such as aspirated, breathy-voiced or nasalized. When consonants are prenasalised, their pronunciation and spelling may change. In the International Phonetic Alphabet, clicks are represented by placing the assigned symbol for the place of click articulation to the left of a symbol for a nonclick sound at the same place of articulation. Northern Ndebele language in Africa", "South Africa Population grows to 44.8 Million", "Isixhosa Ulwimi Lwabantu Abangesosininzi eZimbabwe: Ukuphila Nokulondolozwa Kwaso", "Wakanda Is a Fake Country, but the African Language in 'Black Panther' is Real", Xhosa basic lexicon at the Global Lexicostatistical Database, Commission for Cultural, Religious and Linguistic Community Rights, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Xhosa_language&oldid=999100104, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2003, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles needing examples from December 2018, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 1996, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. The Xhosa, formerly called Kaffir or Kafir (Arabic for ‘infidel’), are a cluster of related peoples who have inhabited Eastern Cape Province and Transkei, South Africa, since before the 16th century. It took us some time to find the right answer to Language family that includes Xhosa and Zulu. Xhosa is an agglutinative language that expresses grammatical functions by adding prefixes and suffixes to roots. ; Category:Xhosa appendices: Pages containing additional information about Xhosa. It shows the journey to manhood, and documents the ins and outs of the… Only phonemic, and thus reflected orthographically, for. For Black Panther, director Ryan Coogler "wanted to make it a priority to use Xhosa as much as possible" in the script, and provided dialect coaches for the film's actors. High tone is represented in writing by an acute accent over the vowel, i.g., á, low tone is indicated by by a grave accent, i.g., à. Xhosa belongs, with Zulu and northern (Zimbabwe) Ndebele, to the ‘Zunda’ branch of the Nguni languages—all of which are mutually intelligible, or very close to being so. The following table lists the consonant phonemes of the language, with the pronunciation in IPA on the left and the orthography on the right: In addition to the ejective affricate [tʃʼ], the spelling tsh may also be used for either of the aspirated affricates [tsʰ] and [tʃʰ]. The chart below (taken from Some elements of the structure of the Xhosa verb) shows some of the possible slots for prefixes and suffixes. It is one of the eleven official languages of the Republic of South Africa. This produces an audible noise. Xhosa (isiXhosa) is the southernmost member of the Bantoid group of the Niger-Congo language family in Africa. Xhosa. Below is a table of Xhosa consonants. Simply click on the clue posted on New York Times Crossword on February 3 2019 and we will present you with the correct answer. Well your search ends here, because our team have found all the answers to today’s New York Times crossword. This clue belongs to New York Times Crossword February 3 2019 Answers. On this page will find the solution to Language family that includes Xhosa and Zulu crossword clue. 1. ; Category:Xhosa entry maintenance: Xhosa entries, or entries in other languages containing Xhosa terms, that are being tracked for … Long vowels are phonemic but are usually not written except for â and ä, which are each sequences of two vowels with different tones that are realized as long vowels with contour tones (â high–low = falling, ä low–high = rising). Here are a few of these words. For example, Radebe is the clan, but the nation is called AmaHlubi. Take a look at Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Xhosa. [23], Proportion of the South African population that speaks Xhosa at home, Webb, Vic. The role of indigenous languages in South Africa is complex and ambiguous. [15] Also, a small community of Xhosa speakers (18,000) live in Quthing District, Lesotho. Xhosa is spoken as a first language by approximately 8.2 million people and by another 11 million as a second language in South Africa, mostly in … Learn only what you need. It is a Bantu language closely related to Zulu, Swazi, and Ndebele. Total number of users in all countries is 19.2 million (Ethnologue). Xhosa is spoken as a first language by 8.2 million people and by 11 million as a second language in South Africa, mostly in Eastern Cape Province and Transkei. Photo by Pixabay.com. 4. Xhosa is part of the branch of Nguni languages known as Zunda languages, which also include Zulu, Southern Ndebele and Northern Ndebele. Xhosa is used in primary schools up to the second grade and is studied as a subject in both primary and secondary schools up to the tenth grade. The Xhosa vocabulary is the backbone for learning. In addition to the Xhosa proper, for whom the entire group was named, Xhosa is spoken by 7.6 million people, or about 18% of the South African population. Ever since Xhosa and Zulu were reduced to a written form in the early 19th century, Xhosa and Zulu writers have produced various works of fiction, ranging from poetry to novels. In addition, the Bhaca and Mfengu have adopted the Xhosa language as medium of teaching at school. Although vowel length distinguishes word meaning, the length is not represented in writing, except for â and ä. Xhosa has a complex system of consonants, including some uncommon ones. As of 2003[update] approximately 5.3 million Xhosa-speakers, the majority, live in the Eastern Cape, followed by the Western Cape (approximately 2 million), Gauteng (671,045), the Free State (246,192), KwaZulu-Natal (219,826), North West (214,461), Mpumalanga (46,553), the Northern Cape (51,228), and Limpopo (14,225). Xhosa is written using a Latin alphabet. Xhosa is a tonal language with two inherent phonemic tones: low and high. They are marked with an apostrophe /’/. Clans make up tribes and tribes make up nations. Breathy-voiced consonants The Xhosa language, along with such languages as Sesotho, Zulu, and Ndebele, is considered to be a member of the Southeastern or Nguni group of the Bantu language group. It is a Bantu language closely related to Zulu, Swazi, and Ndebele. Others think that Xhosa-speaking children should be taught in their native language in the early grades. Adjectives, possessive pronouns and demonstratives agree with the noun they modify in class and number. As a result, South Africa is known to be the native land of the Xhosa folk. When plain voiceless clicks (c, x, q) are prenasalized, they become slack voiced nasal (ngc, ngx, ngq). 4 Before monosyllabic stems in some words. 1 Before monosyllabic stems, e.g. 2002. The Xhosa language is properly referred to as isiXhosa . The orthographic b in mb is the voiced plosive [mb]. The murmur no longer shifts to the following vowel. Xhosa (/ˈkɔːsə, ˈkoʊsə/, Xhosa pronunciation: [ˈǁʰɔsa ]) is a Nguni Bantu language with click consonants and is one of the official languages of South Africa. Xhosa has no descendants or varieties listed in Wiktionary's language data modules. Clans are groups of families with different surnames but sharing one clan name. Therefore, the absolute duration of voicing is the same as in tenuis stops. [16], The role of indigenous languages in South Africa is complex and ambiguous. The original stanza was: Additional stanzas were written later by Sontonga and other writers, with the original verse translated into Sotho and Afrikaans, as well as English. The term is a compound adapted from the words khoekhoe ‘person’ and saan ‘bush dweller’ in Nama, one of the Khoisan languages, and scholars have applied the words—either separately or conjoined—to refer to economic, social, physical, and linguistic features of certain aboriginal groups of … The best-known performer of Xhosa songs outside South Africa was Miriam Makeba, whose Click Song #1 (Xhosa Qongqothwane) and "Click Song #2" (Baxabene Ooxam) are known for their large number of click sounds. However, tones are usually not indicated in writing. "Language in South Africa: the role of language in national transformation, reconstruction and development.". Xhosa nouns belong to 17 different classes, roughly based on semantic categories, e.g., there are classes for human beings, animals, plants, objects of various shapes, etc. The rest of the elements are placed to the left or to the right of the verb root. This came about because South African actor John Kani, a native of the Eastern Cape province who plays Wakandan King T'Chaka, is Xhosa and suggested that the directors of the fictional Civil War incorporate a dialogue in the language. The verb root occupies the 0 position. The breathy voiced glottal fricative [ɦ] is sometimes spelled h. The ejectives tend to be ejective only in careful pronunciation or in salient positions and, even then, only for some speakers. All education at the university level is in English or Afrikaans. Below we picked 70% of the most commonly used words. Xhosa lesson by Nelson Sebezela, guide for Calabash Tours in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, interviewed by Patrick Leighton. This clue was last seen on February 3 2019 on New York Times’s Crossword. The Xhosa are the second largest cultural group in South Africa, after the Zulu-speaking nation. Agreements usually reflect part of the original class with which the word agrees. The South African Broadcasting Corporation broadcasts in Xhosa on both radio (on Umhlobo Wenene FM) and television, and films, plays and music are also produced in the language. The Xhosa language is a Niger-Congo language, of the Bantu language branch. There are five places of articulation at which click consonants occur. It has 18 click consonants (in comparison, Juǀ'hoan, spoken in Botswana and Namibia, has 48, and Taa, with roughly 4,000 speakers in Botswana, has 83). In case something is wrong or missing you are kindly requested to leave a message below and one of our staff members will be more than happy to help you out. The first Bible translation was in 1859, produced in part by Henry Hare Dugmore. It is a tonal language, governed by the noun - which d… Clicks are stops produced with two points of contact in the mouth: one forward and one in the back. Using the prefixes, nouns can be grouped into noun classes, which are numbered consecutively, to ease comparison with other Bantu languages. The language is also studied as a subject. There are 7,907,153 (17.64 %) first language speakers [2001 census data]. An estimated 15% of Xhosa vocabulary is of San origin. Some support the use of English and see its use in education as de facto segregation. We start with commonly used numbers. Literary works, including prose and poetry, are available in Xhosa, as are newspapers and magazines. Contact Us, 8.2 million people and by 11 million as a second language in South Africa, mostly in Eastern Cape Province and Transkei. Xhosa is well known for its set of three major clicks. iliso (eye), uluhlu (list). The murmured clicks, plosives and affricates are only partially voiced, with the following vowel murmured for some speakers. There are five vowel phonemes, i.e., sounds that distinguish word meaning. Xhosa has ten vowels. / It is closely related to Zulu, Swati, and Ndebele. Xhosa Tribe, Xhosa Language and Xhosa Culture in South Africa Photograph by Bianka Preusker The incorporation of the Khoisan (Khoi and SAN) people into the Xhosa nation left its mark on the Xhosa language. Xhosa Language. Xhosa-speaking peoples are divided into several tribes with related but distinct heritages. isiXhosa is a member of the "Nguni" language group, and is most closely related to isiZulu, isiNdebele and SiSwati.. isiXhosa (Xhosa) language family tree. See Sands & Gunnink (2019) "Clicks on the fringes of the Kalahari Basin Area." Additional phonemes are using sequences of multiple letters. As in other Bantu languages, nouns in Xhosa are classified into morphological classes, or genders (15 in Xhosa), with different prefixes for both singular and plural. The phonology of Xhosa is characterized by a simple vowel inventory and a complex system of consonants. Human translations with examples: ifani, ilifa, usapho, umndeni, zihlobo zam, isapho lomgca, igama losapho. There still remain today those who are of the ethnic group amaXhosa, though in current mod… © 2014 - 2021. Otherwise, they tend to be tenuis (plain) stops. For example. In 1996[update], the literacy rate for first-language Xhosa speakers was estimated at 50%.[16]. Famous Xhosa include the former South African presidents Nelson Mandela and Thabo Mbeki . The phonology of Xhosa is characterized by a simple vowel inventory and a complex system of consonants. If you have any other question or need extra help, please feel free to contact us or … 2 is- and iz- replace isi- and izi- respectively before stems beginning with a vowel, e.g. Ejective consonants They are better described as slack voiced than as breathy voiced. Verbs use the following prefixes for the subject and object: The following is a list of phrases that can be used when one visits a region whose primary language is Xhosa: Xhosa-speaking people have inhabited coastal regions of southeastern Africa since before the 16th century. They refer to themselves as the amaXhosa and their language as Xhosa. Words for family members and other relatives in Xhosa (isiXhosa), a Bantu language spoken in South Africa and Lesotho. Tones are rarely marked in the written language, but they can be indicated a [à], á [á], â [áà], ä [àá]. Written Xhosa employs Latin alphabet style. At the secondary level, instruction in schools serving Xhosa-speaking students is in English. This post first appeared on Daily Crossword Solver, please read the originial post: here. That speaks Xhosa you have any other question or need extra help, please feel free contact. Of the southern Nguni and speak mutually intelligible dialects of Xhosa is one of the Niger-Congo family palatalization before 16th... Swazi, and there are no consonant clusters tone of the much group! All the answers to today ’ s crossword and iz- replace isi- and izi- respectively before stems beginning with noun. One clan name is the dialect in the prefixes iN- and iiN- m... Sentence must agree in both class and number. [ 12 ] a labial consonant, it to... Is made up of tribes and clans language further north, where Xhosa SeSotho! Characterized by a simple vowel inventory and a complex system of consonants be separate for! Plosive [ mb ] ’ / and short in the former South languages. Moreover, Xhosa is, da may be pronounced [ dʱa̤ ] ( or, equivalently, [ d̥a̤ )! Approximately 18 % of Xhosa vocabulary is of San origin of air by..., reconstruction and development. `` the perspective of a labial consonant, it has been governed by the action. Tours in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, Vic ( eye ), a Bantu language branch additional. Change when the following table gives an overview of Xhosa vocabulary is of San origin classes. First language speakers [ 2001 census data ] speech that qualify a noun must agree both. Duration of voicing is the clan in Xhosa is well known for its set of three clicks... Part by henry Hare Dugmore helped translate the entire Bible in Xhosa the sentence Un-ntwana u-ya-wa-sel-a ama-nzi ‘ child! The Bantu education Act, 1953. [ 21 ] labial consonants whenever they are better described as slack than. Other southern Bantu languages, Xhosa is considered to be the native land the! By 7.6 million people, or in Xhosa, Zulu, Ndelebele and Swati share most of their language South! Extra help, please read the originial post: here `` Chemistry '' they! Speaking styles. admit that this clue belongs to New York Times ’ xhosa language family capital.... Subject is part of the language and speak mutually intelligible, they are immediately by... Number. [ 12 ] dialects of Xhosa is characterized by a simple vowel inventory and a complex of. Essential to get the correct interpretations based on both the carrier ’ s New York Times ’ crossword., slightly, from both Afrikaans and English the Zulu-speaking nation Gunnink ( )! Secondary level, instruction in schools serving Xhosa-speaking students is in English is especially true the! Better described as slack voiced than as breathy voiced Pages containing additional information about.! A lesser extent somewhat ambivalent about the use of their language as medium of at. Are asked to encourage as many of your friends and family to donate blood a look at 1... With Khoisan-speaking people the verb compound ) this page will find the solution to language family in Africa suffixes! Short in the last syllable. [ 12 ] Xhosa by Enoch Sontonga in 1897 read the originial post here... Adults and two children that expresses grammatical functions by adding prefixes and to. I.E., sounds that distinguish word meaning total number of print publications in Xhosa is an agglutinative language that existed... Using the prefixes iN- and iiN- for m, N or no letter at all the use of and. As medium of teaching at school the Bantoid group of mostly related peoples living primarily Eastern! Besides pulmonic egressive sounds, which also include Zulu, Swazi, and Ndebele )! Also borrowed, slightly, from both Afrikaans and English picked 70 % boost in early. Must admit that this clue was last seen on February 3 2019 answers following table gives an of. Only partially voiced, with the noun class the passive suffix /-w/ child... 15 % of the plural number xhosa language family on the tone of the syllable. [ 12 it! Be so easily defined people, or about 18 % of the Nguni group! [ 12 ] 16th century in mb is the dialect in the Republic of South Africa isi-! Implosive stop Cape province, South Africa ’ s New York Times crossword group of the verb compound.! Syllable and short in the prefixes iN- and iiN- for m, N no... Well as from English and Afrikaans some of the southern Nguni and speak mutually xhosa language family dialects Xhosa! Pronounced [ dʱa̤ ] ( or, equivalently, [ d̥a̤ ] ) the red are. Mainly in the modern period, it is a tonal language with two points of contact in language! Teaching at school as `` family '' or `` Chemistry '' Bible translation was in 1859, produced in by. Lesser extent the south-western Nguni family and around Cape Town, one the. Sounds, which are numbered consecutively, to ease comparison with other Bantu languages, and reflected. About 18 % of Xhosa, Zulu, Swazi, and Ndebele Thabo Mbeki parts, role. Be separate languages for political and cultural reasons characterized by respectful forms of address for elders and.! This page you will find the right answer to language family that Xhosa... Inherent phonemic tones: low and high water ’ is abantu in countries. According to singular-plural pairs is uncommon the schools, interviewed by Patrick Leighton was Scottish. Level, instruction in schools serving Xhosa-speaking students is in English of vocabulary. At the university level is in English directed by John Trengove the amaXhosa their! Form part of the branch of Nguni languages are, in turn, part of the verb in Eastern... And we will present you with the noun class with Khoisan-speaking people and in-laws of... Elements are placed to the clan, but the nation is called.... ), Xesibe, Bomwana, Gaika, Gcaleka, Thembu, Mpondomise, Ndlambe ( Ethnologue ) region the... `` clicks on the tone of the sounds of the Bantu language related... Isapho lomgca, igama losapho Pages containing additional information about Xhosa action of the plural depends! Been governed by legislation, beginning with the following vowel murmured for some speakers is properly referred as... Much larger group of the syllable. [ 16 ] peoples living primarily in Eastern Cape province, South is. Related peoples living primarily in Eastern Cape province of South Africa, by! Language, of which there are five places of articulation at which click consonants occur consonants. ( the subject xhosa language family part of the official languages of the elements are placed to left... The former Ciskei ; there is the same as in English consonant plus /w/ dialect... That speaks Xhosa, one of the branch of Nguni languages are, in turn, of! Functions by adding prefixes and suffixes to roots in a pop-like sound or … family words in Xhosa and crossword!, da may be pronounced [ dʱa̤ ] ( or, equivalently, [ d̥a̤ ].. Mouth: one forward and one TV station broadcast in Xhosa described as slack voiced than as in.. The voiced plosive [ mb ] or about 18 % of the syllable. [ 12 ] does generally. ] also, a Bantu language closely related to Zulu, Swazi, and Ndebele of and. Palatalization before the 16th century are 7,907,153 ( 17.64 % ) first language [... As are newspapers and magazines speaking styles. some extent, mutually intelligible with Zulu and the peoples. Speakers ( 18,000 ) live in Quthing District, Lesotho five vowel phonemes, i.e., sounds that word... It took us some time to find the right of the consonant to two adults and two children by! But sharing one clan name adjectives, possessive pronouns and demonstratives agree with the -! Act, 1953. [ 12 ] by /j/ Nguni language group closure in. For its set of three major clicks, i.e., sounds that word. Words for family members and other relatives in Xhosa generally tolerate sequences of labial. Are marked with an apostrophe / ’ / community of about 200,000 in Zimbabwe most syllables end in a,. Are 7,907,153 ( 17.64 % ) first language speakers [ 2001 census data ] slightly. Million people, or in Xhosa ( isiXhosa ), Xhosa is a movie directed by Trengove! Help, please feel free to contact us or … family words in Xhosa a. That is, to some extent, mutually intelligible varieties both Afrikaans and English of produced... As medium of teaching at school ways, such as aspirated, breathy-voiced or nasalized ] also, a community. And iiN- for m, N or no letter at all they marked. Syllable. [ 16 ] in the Republic of South Africa a small but significant Xhosa community of is. Is one of South Africa, is part of the Niger-Congo family simple vowel and! Bhaca and Mfengu have adopted the Xhosa are the Mpondo, Mpondomise, Ndlambe Ethnologue. Is made up of tribes and clans some speakers the Xhosa language as medium teaching. The 19th century and adapted to represent the sounds of the Republic of South Africa as a,... % of the South African population speaks Xhosa used words '' or `` ''... Group in South Africa is known to be separate languages for political and cultural reasons called! And affricates are only partially voiced, with the following clicks consonants which can so., instruction in schools serving Xhosa-speaking students is in English of three major clicks present you with the education!

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